Research Library

Peer-reviewed studies on nootropics and cognitive supplements, each with a plain-English summary.

74 studies found

Animal Study 2022

Mucuna pruriens Seed Aqueous Extract Improved Neuroprotective and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects Compared with Synthetic L-Dopa

Kamkaen N, Chittasupho C, Vorarat S, Tadtong S, Phrompittayarat W, Okonogi S, Kwankhao P - Molecules

Mucuna pruriens whole seed extract showed superior neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects compared to synthetic L-DOPA alone.

Meta-Analysis 2021

The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Guo J, Chen H, Zhang X, Lou W, Zhang P, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu WJ - Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Berberine significantly improved blood glucose and lipid profiles, comparable to metformin, supporting metabolic brain health.

Animal Study 2020

Neuroimmunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in in vitro Models of Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease

Dourado NS, Souza CDS, de Almeida MMA, Bispo da Silva A, Dos Santos BL, Silva VDA, De Assis AM, da Silva JS, Souza DO, Costa MFD, Butt AM, Costa SL - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Apigenin demonstrates neuroprotective effects, enhances neuroplasticity, and reduces anxiety through multiple mechanisms.

Meta-Analysis 2020

Valerian root in treating sleep problems and associated disorders - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shinjyo N, Waddell G, Green J - Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine

Valerian consistently improved sleep quality across 60 studies, with enhanced effects when combined with hops or lemon balm.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2018 - n=24

Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults

Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, Armstrong ML, Reisdorph N, McQueen MB, Chonchol M, Seals DR - Nature Communications

Nicotinamide riboside safely and effectively increased NAD+ levels in middle-aged and older adults.

Systematic Review 2018

Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Avgerinos KI, Spyrou N, Bougioukas KI, Kapogiannis D - Experimental Gerontology

Creatine supplementation improves short-term memory and reasoning, especially in vegetarians and during mental stress.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2018 - n=40

Memory and Brain Amyloid and Tau Effects of a Bioavailable Form of Curcumin in Non-Demented Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 18-Month Trial

Small GW, Siddarth P, Li Z, Miller KJ, Ercoli L, Emerson ND, Martinez J, Wong KP, Liu J, Merrill DA, Chen ST, Henning SM, Satyamurthy N, Huang SC, Heber D, Barrio JR - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Curcumin supplementation improved memory by 28% and reduced brain amyloid and tau accumulation over 18 months.

Meta-Analysis 2017

The effectiveness of Coenzyme Q10 in mitigating symptoms of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

Zhu ZG, Sun MX, Zhang WL, Wang WW, Jin YM, Xie CL - Journal of the Neurological Sciences

CoQ10 supplementation (1200mg daily) significantly improved motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2016 - n=81

A systematic review of the Ayurvedic medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri in child and adolescent populations

Kean JD, Downey LA, Stough C - Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Bacopa monnieri progressively improved memory consolidation and learning over 12 weeks in older adults.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2016 - n=160

Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 improves dual-task walking in patients with MCI: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study

Haase J, Halama P, Hörr R - Aging Clinical and Experimental Research

Ginkgo biloba (240mg daily) improved dual-task walking, memory, and quality of life in mild cognitive impairment over 6 months.

Animal Study 2016

Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice

Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, Grozio A, Kubota S, Sasaki Y, Redpath P, Migaud ME, Apte RS, Uchida K, Yoshino J, Imai SI - Cell Metabolism

Long-term NMN supplementation in mice mitigated age-related physiological decline across multiple organ systems by boosting NAD+ levels.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2015 - n=119

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease

Turner RS, Thomas RG, Craft S, van Dyck CH, Mintzer J, Reynolds BA, Brewer JB, Rissman RA, Raman R, Aisen PS - Neurology

Resveratrol (up to 2g daily) stabilized brain volume loss and reduced neuroinflammation biomarkers in Alzheimer's patients.

Systematic Review 2015

Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders

Blessing EM, Steenkamp MM, Manzanares J, Marmar CR - Neurotherapeutics

CBD shows significant anxiolytic effects across multiple anxiety disorders in both animal and human studies.

Meta-Analysis 2015

Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan CC, Wang HF, Meng XF, Wang C, Jiang T, Zhu XC, Tan L - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Ginkgo biloba (240mg daily) modestly but significantly improves cognition and daily function in dementia patients.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2015 - n=32

Food for creativity: tyrosine promotes deep thinking

Colzato LS, de Haan AM, Hommel B - Psychological Research

L-tyrosine (2g) acutely enhanced creative and convergent thinking abilities in healthy adults.

Systematic Review 2015

Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review

Battleday RM, Brem AK - European Neuropsychopharmacology

Modafinil reliably enhances attention, executive function, and learning in healthy adults, especially on complex tasks.

Meta-Analysis 2015

Phosphatidylserine and the human brain

Glade MJ, Smith K - Nutrition

Phosphatidylserine supplementation improved memory, attention, and verbal recall in elderly individuals with cognitive complaints.

Randomised Controlled Trial 2015 - n=80

The Effects of Rhodiola rosea L. Extract on Anxiety, Stress, Cognition and Other Mood Symptoms

Cropley M, Banks AP, Boyle J - Phytotherapy Research

Rhodiola rosea (400mg daily) significantly reduced stress symptoms and improved mood within one week of treatment.

Systematic Review 2014

An Alternative Treatment for Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Human Trial Results Reported for the Ayurvedic Herb Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

Pratte MA, Nanavati KB, Young V, Morley CP - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Ashwagandha consistently and significantly reduced anxiety in all reviewed human trials across various populations.

Systematic Review 2014

Coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol reversed age-associated functional impairments in mice

Shetty RA, Ikonne US, Forster MJ, Sumien N - Experimental Gerontology

CoQ10 supplementation reduced oxidative stress and supported mitochondrial energy production relevant to cognitive health.