Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis
Key Finding
Omega-3 supplementation, particularly with higher EPA content, modestly but significantly improved ADHD symptoms in children.
Plain-English Summary
This meta-analysis examined 10 randomized controlled trials investigating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for ADHD symptoms in children, including over 600 participants. Studies used various omega-3 formulations with EPA and DHA.
Results showed modest but significant improvements in ADHD symptoms with omega-3 supplementation, particularly for inattention symptoms. Higher doses of EPA (above 500mg daily) produced more consistent benefits. Improvements were more notable in studies using parent and teacher ratings rather than laboratory measures.
EPA and DHA are critical structural components of brain cell membranes and play important roles in neurotransmitter function, neuroinflammation regulation, and synaptic plasticity. The meta-analysis found that formulations higher in EPA relative to DHA tended to produce better results for ADHD symptoms. While effects were modest, omega-3s offer a safe, well-tolerated option that can complement other ADHD treatments.