Nootropic profile
IDRA-21
A potent benzothiadiazine-derived ampakine that positively modulates AMPA receptors, producing long-lasting cognitive enhancement effects lasting up to 48 hours from a single dose.
Educational only: this is not medical advice. Always check with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement.
What is IDRA-21?
IDRA-21 (7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide) is a benzothiadiazine derivative classified as a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, placing it in the ampakine family of cognitive enhancers.
What it does for you
Community and editorial ratings, out of 5:
How to take it
- Preclinical effective doses: Animal studies used doses of 0.3-10 mg/kg, with cognitive enhancement observed at the lower end of this range in primate studies
- Anecdotal human dosing: Self-experimenters in the nootropic community have reported using 5-15 mg per dose, though no human clinical trials have established...
- Frequency of dosing: Given the 24-48 hour duration of effects observed in animal studies, many users report dosing only every 2-3 days rather than daily
- Route of administration: Typically taken orally in capsule or powder form; sublingual administration has been reported anecdotally to increase onset speed
- Important caveat: All human dosing information is extrapolated from animal research or anecdotal reports; no controlled human pharmacokinetic or...
Watch out for
- No human safety data: IDRA-21 has never undergone formal human clinical trials, meaning its safety profile in humans is entirely unknown and based only on...
- Excitotoxicity risk: As a potent enhancer of glutamatergic transmission, excessive doses could theoretically promote excitotoxic neuronal damage through...
- Seizure threshold concerns: Enhanced excitatory neurotransmission carries inherent risk of lowering seizure threshold, particularly in individuals with...
- Unknown long-term effects: Chronic use effects on AMPA receptor density, desensitisation kinetics, and overall glutamatergic homeostasis have not been studied
- Purity and contamination risks: Available only as a research chemical without pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing standards; users face risks of...
The science, if you're curious.
- Binds to the cyclothiazide binding site on AMPA receptors, reducing the rate and extent of receptor desensitisation, thereby prolonging excitatory...
- Facilitates LTP induction in hippocampal and cortical neurons by amplifying AMPA receptor-mediated depolarisation, which enhances NMDA receptor activation...
- Enhanced AMPA receptor signalling triggers activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which supports synaptic plasticity,...
- The unusually long-lasting effects (24-48 hours) are thought to result from persistent changes in AMPA receptor conformation and downstream signalling...
Where to find it
- Thompson et al. (1995): "IDRA-21, a positive modulator of the AMPA receptor, improves delayed matching performance in rhesus monkeys" published in Neuropharmacology, demonstrating cognitive enhancement in primates
- Zivkovic et al. (1995): Research demonstrating IDRA-21's ability to reverse benzodiazepine- and scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in rodent models of learning and memory
- Arai and Bhatt (2007): "Ampakines" chapter in Bentham Science comprehensive review covering IDRA-21 and related AMPA receptor modulators as cognitive enhancers
- Lynch (2006): "Glutamate-based therapeutic approaches: ampakines" in Current Opinion in Pharmacology, reviewing the therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor modulators including IDRA-21
- Bhatt et al. (2009): Review of ampakine mechanisms and their potential for treating cognitive dysfunction, contextualising IDRA-21 within the broader class of AMPA modulators
Frequently asked
A potent benzothiadiazine-derived ampakine that positively modulates AMPA receptors, producing long-lasting cognitive enhancement effects lasting up to 48 hours from a single dose.
The main benefits people report from IDRA-21 are: Cognitive Enhancement, Creativity, Focus, Memory, Motivation.
Preclinical effective doses: Animal studies used doses of 0.3-10 mg/kg, with cognitive enhancement observed at the lower end of this range in primate studiesAnecdotal human dosing: Self-experimenters in the nootropic community have reported using 5-15 mg per dose, though no human clinical trials hav...
No human safety data: IDRA-21 has never undergone formal human clinical trials, meaning its safety profile in humans is entirely unknown and based only on...Excitotoxicity risk: As a potent enhancer of glutamatergic transmission, excessive doses could theoretically promote excitotoxic neuronal damag...
Binds to the cyclothiazide binding site on AMPA receptors, reducing the rate and extent of receptor desensitisation, thereby prolonging excitatory...Facilitates LTP induction in hippocampal and cortical neurons by amplifying AMPA receptor-mediated depolarisation, which enhances NMDA receptor activat...
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