Nootropic profile
Fipexide
A dopaminergic nootropic formerly marketed in Europe (as Vigilor) that enhances dopamine D1 receptor signalling and was used for age-related cognitive decline and attention deficits.
Best for
Educational only: this is not medical advice. Always check with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement.
What is Fipexide?
Fipexide (marketed as Vigilor and Attentil) is a nootropic compound that was developed and prescribed in several European countries, particularly France and Italy, for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline, attention deficits, and memory impairment.
What it does for you
Community and editorial ratings, out of 5:
How to take it
- Standard clinical dose: 100-200 mg taken two to three times daily, for a total daily dose of 200-600 mg in clinical settings
- Starting dose: 100 mg twice daily, with gradual titration upward based on response and tolerability over 1-2 weeks
- Duration of treatment: Clinical trials typically ran for 4-12 weeks, with some extending to 6 months of continuous use
- Administration: Oral tablets taken with meals to improve absorption and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects
- Current availability: No longer commercially marketed in most countries; available only through research chemical suppliers, making quality and purity...
Watch out for
- Hepatotoxicity risk: The most serious safety concern - rare but potentially severe liver damage including hepatic necrosis has been reported, leading to...
- Liver function monitoring: Baseline and periodic liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) were recommended during clinical use; treatment should be...
- Common side effects: Gastrointestinal complaints (nausea, abdominal discomfort), headache, insomnia, and restlessness were the most frequently reported...
- Dopaminergic side effects: Excessive dopamine stimulation may cause agitation, anxiety, insomnia, or in rare cases psychotic symptoms in susceptible individuals
- Drug interactions: May interact with MAO inhibitors, dopamine agonists, antipsychotics, and other dopaminergic medications; concurrent use with hepatotoxic...
The science, if you're curious.
- Increases dopamine synthesis, release, and turnover in the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic pathways, enhancing D1 receptor-mediated signalling critical for...
- Preferentially enhances D1-type dopamine receptor activation, which is strongly linked to prefrontal cortical function including working memory, cognitive...
- Secondary effects on acetylcholine release in hippocampal and cortical regions contribute to memory encoding and retrieval enhancement
- Modulates serotonergic neurotransmission, which may contribute to its effects on mood, anxiety, and the emotional aspects of cognitive performance
Where to find it
- Bompani and Scali (1986): "Fipexide, an effective cognition activator in the elderly: a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial" published in Current Medical Research and Opinion
- Bianchi and Musch (1989): Double-blind placebo-controlled study of Fipexide in elderly outpatients with cognitive impairment, published in the International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research
- Garattini and Bhatt (1991): Review of Fipexide's pharmacological profile and clinical evidence in the context of dopaminergic nootropics
- European drug safety reports: Pharmacovigilance reports documenting the hepatotoxicity cases that led to Fipexide's withdrawal from European markets in the 1990s
- Pepeu and Spignoli (1989): "Nootropic drugs and brain cholinergic mechanisms" in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, reviewing Fipexide among other cognitive enhancers
Frequently asked
A dopaminergic nootropic formerly marketed in Europe (as Vigilor) that enhances dopamine D1 receptor signalling and was used for age-related cognitive decline and attention deficits.
The main benefits people report from Fipexide are: Cognitive Enhancement, Energy, Focus, Memory, Mood, Motivation.
Standard clinical dose: 100-200 mg taken two to three times daily, for a total daily dose of 200-600 mg in clinical settingsStarting dose: 100 mg twice daily, with gradual titration upward based on response and tolerability over 1-2 weeksDuration of treatment: Clinical trials typically ran for 4-12...
Hepatotoxicity risk: The most serious safety concern - rare but potentially severe liver damage including hepatic necrosis has been reported, leading to...Liver function monitoring: Baseline and periodic liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) were recommended during clinical use; treatment shoul...
Increases dopamine synthesis, release, and turnover in the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic pathways, enhancing D1 receptor-mediated signalling critical for...Preferentially enhances D1-type dopamine receptor activation, which is strongly linked to prefrontal cortical function including working memo...
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